ICD-10-PCS; New 2023 Codes; Codes Revised in 2023; Codes Deleted in 2023; HCPCS . proliferans 362. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code E10. Secondary diabetes, with macular edema. 2) H35. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a complex cellular reaction representing a vitreoretinal wound-healing response that results in a characteristic clinical appearance. 351. 40 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 17 patients (42. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code E08. Methods A literature search was performed to identify all. 500 results found. 1016/s1350-9462 (01)00023-4. Disease. The Silicone Study established the efficacy of SO in a randomized, controlled clinical trial that compared 1000-centistoke SO to 14% C 3 F 8 and 20%. Adjunctive serial post-operative intravitreal methotrexate injections in the management of advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy. 42 - other international versions of ICD-10 H33. Showing 226-250: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code M05. 41. †Timing of open globe. PVR was identified as an independent clinical entity in 1983 by the Retina Society Terminology Committee and a classification was created [], based on the condition formerly named “massive vitreous traction” or “massive. Due to the multifactorial nature of these vitreoretinal diseases, omics approaches are essential for a deeper understanding of the pathophysiologic processes. 1 ± 10. PVR can be induced by diverse events including rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, surgical intervention, or trauma. 3542 E10. PVR occurs in a series of phases starting from the moment a retinal tear occurs and ending by apoptosis and contraction of membranes. 3552 E10. 41 may differ. 02 Exudative retinopathy: H35. proliferating 362. Cases with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) showed various secondary diagnoses (Fig 1). PVR is the leading cause of failed surgical procedures for the correction of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. 1 Disease. With the development of systems for microincision, wide-angle viewing, digitally assisted visualization, and intraoperative optical coherence tomography, contemporary PPV for diabetic retinopathy has been performed on a wider range of. Disorders of choroid and retina. Z85. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H33. 500 results found. Here is the new code description that went into effect Jan. 3543 X E10. Other specified diabetes mellitus with severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema. Affected members exhibited noninfectious uveitis, early loss of. 1. IRS typically occurs in the setting of a RRD that may or may not progress to proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Acu-puncture resulting in eye penetration and proliferative vitreoretinopathy - Surgical and medical management with intraocular methotrexate. L proliferative retinopathy, nondiabetic; Left proliferative vitreoretinopathy; Left proliferative vitreoretinopathy (eye condition); Non-diabetic proliferative retinopathy of left eye. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy is a reparative process, similar to a keloid, initiated by full- or partial-thickness retinal breaks, retinopexy, and other types of retinal damage. H35. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is defined as the separation of the neurosensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) secondary to a ‘rhegma’ or break. 1 PVR occurs in approximately 5% to 10% of patients undergoing retinal surgeries for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,. In subsequent years, Jules Gonin, MD, pioneered the first repair of retinal detachments in Lausanne, Switzerland. Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is recognized by the following codes as per the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) nomenclature: ICD9: 362. 5 362. 355. g. Other nondiabetic proliferative retinopathy. 5%) as per local guidelines. 3% of the cases. 3 Other opacities of the vitreous body. Material and. 840 became effective on October 1, 2023. 29. 2017;37(7):1229-1235. 41. The advent of microincision vitrectomy system (MIVS), perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCL), and effective intraocular tamponades has opened new. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H33. 351. 819 - other international versions of ICD-10 H43. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) was coined by the Retina Society Terminology Committee in 1983 to describe a disease process occurring secondary to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) [1–3]. 10. In proliferative diabetic retinopathy, new blood vessels grow in the retina , the light-sensing layer at the back of the eye. Purpose: To assess the occurrence of peripheral vitreoschisis-induced vitreous cortex remnants (p-VCRs) in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) and investigate whether the presence of p-VCRs results in a greater risk of RD recurrence, secondary to Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (PVR) development after pars plana. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code E13. Left proliferative vitreoretinopathy; Left proliferative vitreoretinopathy (eye condition) Non-diabetic proliferative retinopathy of left eye; ICD-10-CM H35. 6%) eyes. The ERG was extinguished late in the disease. ICD-10-PCS; New 2023 Codes; Codes Revised in 2023; Codes Deleted in 2023; HCPCS . Etiology is unknown and can be seen as an idiopathic (IERM) condition or secondary to. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H35. 21. Silicone oil represents the main choice for intraocular tamponade in cases of complicated retinal detachment surgery. ICD-10-CM Code for Type 2 diabetes mellitus with proliferative diabetic retinopathy without macular edema E11. The ICD-10 code, H35. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) develops after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery and open-globe traumatic injury and is responsible for 5–10% of all retinal detachment 1,2,3,4,5. Other non-diabetic. Synthesis of this structure occurs due to glial cells, the leading role among which is assigned to fibrous astrocytes. At the. 20. 01 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. ICD-10 H43. 1 PVR occurs in approximately 5% to 10% of patients undergoing retinal surgeries for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,. 359 for Type 2 diabetes mellitus with proliferative diabetic retinopathy without macular edema is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range - Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases . Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a complex inflammatory ocular disease. Showing 176-200: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code E11. This occurs in about 6-10% of the population. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the most common cause for failure of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair and is characterized by the growth and contraction of cellular membranes within the vitreous cavity and on both sides of the retinal surface as well as intraretinal fibrosis ( Figure 1 ). An updated classification of retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. 89 may be used if the operative note indicates dye was used to stain the anterior capsule. Proliferative retinopathy, nondiabetic; Proliferative vitreoretinopathy. 33; P = 0. Surgery For Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy. doi: 10. 2,3 PVR evolves from abnormal retinal cell proliferation to. , proliferative vitreoretinopathy, stage C-1 or greater, diabetic. 21. 5%) as per local guidelines. 23 Other non-diabetic proliferative retinopathy, bilateral. et al. 2016. 3542 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with proliferative diabetic retinopathy with combined traction retinal detachment and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, left eyeICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code E11. Complex Retina Repair without Membrane Peel. The intraocular pressure of an eye filled with silicone oil could increase, driven by a variety of different forces, according to several mechanisms. 69. 12 Exudative. 20. What does vitreoretinopathy, proliferative mean? Information and translations of vitreoretinopathy, proliferative in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions. 1, 2008, and has since remained unchanged: 67113 - Repair of complex retinal detachment (e. 3542 E10. Rationale: The Notch and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling pathways are two intracellular mechanisms that control fibrosis in general but whether they play a major role in retinal fibrosis is less clear. Diseases of the eye and adnexa. ICD-10-PCS; New 2023 Codes; Codes Revised in 2023; Codes Deleted in 2023; HCPCS . Disease. proliferative 362. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy. 3513 ICD-10 code E11. Sci Rep. 2016. Proliferative vitreoretinal diseases (PVDs) encompass proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), epiretinal membranes, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is the most advanced stage of diabetic eye disease in both type 1 and type 2 diabetics. 20. Vitreous vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in proliferative diabetic retinopathy versus proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Methods: Vitreous fluids were collected during 23G pars plana vitrectomy from 54 eyes of 54 patients with different RD types, such as rhegmatogenous. Right proliferative vitreoretinopathy; Right proliferative vitreoretinopathy (eye condition) ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H35. Bilateral hypertensive retinopathy; Hypertensive retinopathy, both eyes. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H33. Oth diabetes w mild nonprlf diabetic rtnop w macular edema; Mild non-proliferative retinopathy with macular edema due to secondary diabetes mellitus;. Previous SO exchange was associated with. Applicable To. It is therefore frequently encountered by ophthalmologists and. Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with stable proliferative diabetic. Methods The relevant literature as well as own data. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is the advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy , an eye disease related to diabetes (a condition in which blood sugar levels are high). Purpose: To compare proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR)-related surgical failure and non-PVR-associated failure after scleral buckling for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Anterior segment complications included posterior capsular opacification (28. 0. 2 patients had giant tear, 2. 1 Gonvers M. Retinal detachment with single break, right eye. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is characterized by neovascularization or preretinal/vitreous hemorrhage . Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the most common cause for failure of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair and is characterized by the growth and contraction of cellular membranes within the vitreous cavity and on both sides of the retinal surface as well as intraretinal. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is an important complication of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and its treatment requires a long-acting endotamponade, such as silicone oil, to reduce the rate of recurrent retinal detachment [1,2]. Payment will be 100% of the highest allowable and 50% of the lower allowable. Type 1 diabetes w proliferative diabetic. ICD-10-PCS; New 2023 Codes; Codes Revised in 2023; Codes Deleted in 2023; HCPCS . The code is valid during. 5 362. Khan MA, Brady CJ, Kaiser RS. 3% patients had proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) grade C or greater. 02 may differ. L proliferative retinopathy, nondiabetic; Left proliferative vitreoretinopathy; Left proliferative vitreoretinopathy (eye condition); Non-diabetic proliferative retinopathy of left eye ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H35. 6%. 11906814. 500 results found. 1. 1%. as in cases of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, complicated retinal detachments, and severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy). 10. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: pathobiology, surgical management, and adjunctive treatment. 2016. Figure 2. Diseases of the eye and adnexa. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code L97. 22 is grouped within Diagnostic Related Group(s) (MS-DRG v 41. Disorders of choroid and retina. 011 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 1. 2 Autosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy (ADNIV) Figure 1. Panretinal photocoagulation has been the preferred treatment of high-risk PDR for decades and more recently intravitreal injections of drugs that inhibit the actions of vascular endothelial growth factor have. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is one of the most frustrating impediments to successful retinal detachment repair that vitreoretinal surgeons face. In. 5 362. PVR occurs in about 8–10% of patients undergoing primary retinal detachment surgery and prevents the successful surgical repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Applicable To. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a rare ocular inflammatory disease that can result in vision loss or even blindness (1,2). 355. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code E13. Intravitreal methotrexate infusion for proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Other non-diabetic proliferative retinopathy, unspecified eye. 22 is a billable diagnosis code used to specify other non-diabetic proliferative retinopathy, left eye. Autosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy (ADNIV) is a heritable autoimmune condition. Recurrent detachment may occur more or less frequently after a variable lapse of time. Patients with a long history of. Please read the note below. As many as 10% of surgeries for retinal detachment fail due to the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) post-operatively. Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is an inherited disorder, which is mostly reported to be associated with the mutation of genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway related to β-catenin. Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with proliferative diabeticBackground Epiretinal membrane formation resulting in a macular pucker is among the typical complications associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in retinal detachment and has a major impact on the functional outcome after surgical treatment. In subsequent years, Jules Gonin, MD, pioneered the. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy after eye injuries: An overexpression of growth factors and cytokines leading to a retinal keloid. Vitreous Hemorrhage is a relatively common cause of acute vision loss, having an incidence of approximately 7 cases per 100,000 [1], 4. Short description: PROLIF RETINOPATHY NEC. Abstract. 01). 8 per 10000 in Taiwan, [2] and may vary according to population characteristic, geography, and other factors. A key risk factor for. [2] [3] Before the 1920’s, this was a permanently blinding condition. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy. 10 (7. A key risk factor for developing PVR is a giant retinal tear—a large tear that involves at least 25% of the retina. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the leading cause of recurrent retinal detachment. 41 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. To identify potential novel contributors to the pathogenesis of PVR, we investigated a profile of vitreous-induced. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy was present in 14 (22. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code E10. 17 patients (42. He remained reattached after a surgery that included membrane peeling, a 240° retinectomy, perfluorocarbon liquid tamponade, and an intravitreal methotrexate injection followed by. CAPN5 hyperactivity leads to downstream alterations in gene regulation. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of Z96. H33. 1 PVR is an irregular scarring process characterized by the growth of membranes on both surfaces of a detached retina and sometimes on the vitreous. Material and methods The five most important steps leading to a successful repair. Recurrence of the ERM takes place in about 10 percent of patients following the initial surgery. Mediators Inflamm. Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with proliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) develops as a complication in 8–25% of patients undergoing primary retinal detachment surgery. Regarding the data given in the literature, the rate of vitreoretinal complications after silicone oil removal, even in cases with a clinically stable-appearing retinal situation, is rather high in severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and lower in most advanced cases of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) requiring silicone. With an incidence of 5–20% it represents a frequent surgical challenge based on a pronounced epiretinal, subretinal and intraretinal scar formation. Delgado-Tirado S, Amarnani D, Zhao G, et al. H33. Although only ~1% of patients with lattice will progress to retinal detachment, about 20-30% of all eyes that present with rhegmatogenous RD will have latticeShort description: Prolif retinopathy NEC. For claims with a date of service on or after October 1, 2015, use an equivalent ICD-10. 2%) were affected by primary RD with inferior PVR, while 129. With the development of systems for microincision, wide-angle viewing, digitally assisted visualization, and intraoperative optical coherence tomography, contemporary PPV for diabetic retinopathy has been performed on a wider range of indications than previously considered. g. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code E11. 02 should only be used for claims with a date of service on or before September 30, 2015. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is not a standalone disease, but it is considered the endpoint of a number of intraocular diseases. Bilateral proliferative vitreoretinopathy; Bilateral proliferative vitreoretinopathy (eye condition) Non-diabetic proliferative retinopathy of bilateral eyes; ICD-10-CM H35. Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy and Giant Retinal Tears Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a condition in which retinal scar tissue, or “membranes” form; this may occur with a retinal detachment. Introduction. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is characterized by fibrosis and scarring of the retina, which is the primary cause of retinal reattachment failure in 5-10% of cases of retinal detachment [1. To evaluate the current and suitable use of current proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) classifications in clinical publications related to treatment. Right proliferative vitreoretinopathy; Right proliferative vitreoretinopathy (eye condition) ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H35. H33. ICD-10-CM H36. 01 became effective on October 1, 2023. 1097/IIO. Underlying indentation of the peripheral retinal pigment epithelium is visualized because of a previously placed encircling scleral buckle. 371 (puckering of macula, right eye), is used on the. The process is characterized by repeated cellular proliferation, which creates very adherent and contractile periretinal membranes; there is no clear consensus on how to. ICD-9-CM 362. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a common complication of long-standing retinal detachment (RD), ocular trauma, or after surgical procedure to treat rhegmatogenous RD and can lead to blindness if left untreated. METHODS 17 patients with PDVR and traction. Other specified diabetes mellitus with stable proliferative diabetic retinopathy, unspecified eye. Traction detachment of retina, right eye Billable Code. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells dislodged in the vitreous play a central role in the PVR pathogenesis. Outcome parameters were. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy is a disease process that follows the proliferation of ectopic cell sheets in the vitreous and/or periretinal area, causing. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H35. 29 is a billable medical code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis on a reimbursement claim, however, 362. 8% (128. 2019). 2016. For claims with a date of service on or after October 1, 2015, use an equivalent ICD-10-CM code (or codes). Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy and Giant Retinal Tears. Mechanisms of vision loss due to vitreopapillary traction on the nasal optic disc are described, followed by an introduction of methods for prevention and treatment in such cases. 35. Postoperative PVR was more likely if preoperative PVR was also observed (35% vs 13%, P=0. 3551. The vitreal side of the ILM is cell-free in a normal eye. Main outcome measures: Late recurrent retinal detachments after 1 or more years of complete retinal reattachment. 01 . 1016/j. 51 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic peripheral angiopathy without gangrene. Vitreous prolapse, right eye. diabetic 250. Tractional Retinal Detachment (TRD) Second most common form of retinal detachment (RD) where. Crossref. Bilateral proliferative vitreoretinopathy; Bilateral proliferative vitreoretinopathy (eye condition); Non-diabetic proliferative retinopathy of bilateral eyes. 21. Code History. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code E09. 02. H35. 01 may differ. 29 should only be used for claims with a date of service on or before September 30, 2015. Codes; Modifiers; License Data Files; Disclaimer; Search Results. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code E08. Best answers. Early recurrences occur within 6 weeks. Other non-diabetic proliferative retinopathy, unsp eye; Nondiabetic proliferative retinopathy; Proliferative retinopathy, nondiabetic; Proliferative vitreoretinopathy ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H35. 819 may differ. Currently, vitreous surgery is the standard. 89 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H33. Other specified diabetes mellitus with stable proliferative diabetic retinopathy, unspecified eye. Synonyms: proliferative vitreoretinopathy, proliferative. 012 became effective on October 1, 2023. 2006; Sundar et al. H35. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a condition in which retinal scar tissue, or “membranes” form; this may occur with a retinal detachment. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H35. However, no membrane peel took place. Bearing in mind the comments above regarding SORVL and the duration of tamponade, the recommended removal time of SO between. 02. 2015/16 ICD-10-CM H35. 20, other non-diabetic proliferative retinopathy, unspecified eye. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H33. 20, other non-diabetic proliferative retinopathy, unspecified eye. PVR is the most common cause of failed repair of rhegmatogenous RD, and risk factors for PVR are. Vitrectomy with silicone oil or sulfur hexafluoride gas in eyes with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy: results of a randomized clinical trial. Cataract extractions alone are typically 10-20 minutes in length by an experienced ophthalmologist depending upon technique and clinical complexity of the patient. 3559. Patient ages ranged from 26 to 70 years (mean: 44. A hallmark of PVR is the aggressive proliferation of glial and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells originating from retinal breaks or holes, making. PVR is the leading cause of failed surgical procedures for the correction of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. 41) H33. 22 is grouped within. Background Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is one of the most common cause of vision loss in diabetic patients, and the incidence age of PDR patients gradually gets younger. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy is a disease process that follows the proliferation of ectopic cell sheets in the vitreous and/or periretinal area, causing periretinal membrane formation and traction, in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a vital role in a variety of human diseases including proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), in which retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells play a key part. ICD-9-CM 362. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H36. PVR is the most common cause of re-detachment after retinal detachment surgery and remains a difficult disease to manage and treat. This condition was first described by Reese and Jones in 1961 as peripheral hematomas under the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and the current name was subsequently coined by Annesley in 1980. ICD-10-CM code H25. Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is an inherited vitreoretinal disorder characterized by incomplete or anomalous vascularization of the peripheral retina. 7% of the eyes, and functional success occurred in 52. Anatomical success occurred in 62. H43. 21. The code is valid during the current fiscal year for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions from October 01, 2023 through September 30, 2024. In an ideal scenario, RRD can be repaired with a single surgical intervention; however, despite excellent skill, flawless technique, and the introduction of high-end technology, up to 10% of cases require additional interventions. Despite a dramatic increase in our pathobiologic knowledge of PVR during the last 10 years, little of this information has been used to modify the surgical management of the disease, and, thus, the. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H35. E-cadherin, ZO-1, and connexin 43 were physically associated with each other and were mutually regulated. 22Background Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is one of the most important complications following vitreoretinal surgery. PVR is estimated to cause approximately 5–10% of all retinal detachments [4, 5]. 22 is a billable diagnosis code used to specify other non-diabetic proliferative retinopathy, left eye. Morescalchi, F. v. Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is recognized by the following codes as per the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) nomenclature: ICD9: 362. 5%) had rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (complicated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy greater than C3 in 10 patients, redetachment in 7 patients). Other non-diabetic proliferative retinopathy, unspecified eye. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a clinical syndrome associated with proliferation of cells in the vitreous cavity and on the retinal surface leading to tractional forces on the retina. 21. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), penetrating trauma, peripheral proliferative retinal vascular disorders (e. Clin Ophthalmol. Short description: Other non-diabetic proliferative retinopathy, unsp eye; The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H35. The phenomenon of iris backbowing was initially thought to be secondary to vitreous shrinkage and mechanical traction on anterior segment structures in addition to ciliochoroidal detachment and zonular relaxation that rotated the. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is still the most common cause of failure of surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, despite the substantial effort that has been devoted to better understanding and managing this condition during the past 25 years. A hallmark of PVR is the aggressive proliferation of glial and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells originating from retinal breaks or holes, making. Medicine UNLo. 21.